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| combatant2 = | Hungary | Poland | Romania〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/romania%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Cfraternal-support%E2%80%9D-to-north-korea-during-the-korean-war-1950-1953 )〕 }} | commander1 = | commander2 = | strength1 = Total: 972,214 | strength2 = Total: 1,642,600 Note: The figures vary by source; peak unit strength varied during war. | casualties1 = Total: 178,426 dead and 32,925 missing Total wounded: 566,434 〕 1 dead }} | casualties2 = Total dead: 367,283–750,282 Total wounded: 686,500–789,000 | casualties3 = | notes = | campaignbox = }} The Korean War (in South Korean Hangul: 한국전쟁, Hanja: 韓國戰爭, ''Hanguk Jeonjaeng'', "Korean War"; in North Korean Chosungul: 조국해방전쟁, ''Joguk Haebang Jeonjaeng'', "Fatherland Liberation War"; 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953)〔 was a war between North and South Korea, in which a United Nations force led by the United States of America fought for the South, and China fought for the North, which was also assisted by the Soviet Union. The war arose from the division of Korea at the end of World War II and from the global tensions of the Cold War that developed immediately afterwards. Korea was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the closing days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and—by agreement with the United States—occupied Korea north of the 38th parallel. U.S. forces subsequently occupied the south and Japan surrendered. By 1948, two separate governments had been set up. Both governments claimed to be the legitimate government of Korea, and neither side accepted the border as permanent. The conflict escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces—supported by the Soviet Union and China—invaded South Korea on 25 June 1950.〔 On that day, the United Nations Security Council recognized this North Korean act as invasion and called for an immediate ceasefire.〔Derek W. Bowett, United Nations Forces: A Legal Study of United Nations Practice, Stevens, London, 1964, pp.29–60〕 On 27 June, the Security Council adopted ''S/RES/83: Complaint of aggression upon the Republic of Korea'' and decided the formation and dispatch of ''the UN Forces in Korea''. Twenty-one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the defense of South Korea, with the United States providing 88% of the UN's military personnel. After the first two months of the conflict, South Korean forces were on the point of defeat, forced back to the Pusan Perimeter. In September 1950, an amphibious UN counter-offensive was launched at Inchon, and cut off many of the North Korean attackers. Those that escaped envelopment and capture were rapidly forced back north all the way to the border with China at the Yalu River, or into the mountainous interior. At this point, in October 1950, Chinese forces crossed the Yalu and entered the war.〔 Chinese intervention triggered a retreat of UN forces which continued until mid-1951. After these dramatic reversals of fortune, which saw Seoul change hands four times, the last two years of conflict became a war of attrition, with the front line close to the 38th parallel. The war in the air, however, was never a stalemate. North Korea was subject to a massive bombing campaign. Jet aircraft were used in air-to-air combat for the first time in history, and Soviet pilots covertly flew in defense of their Communist allies. The fighting ended on 27 July 1953, when an armistice was signed. The agreement created the Korean Demilitarized Zone to separate North and South Korea, and allowed the return of prisoners. However, no lasting peace treaty has been signed, and the two Koreas are technically still at war. Periodic clashes, many of which were deadly, have continued to the present. ==Names== In the U.S., the war was initially described by President Harry S. Truman as a "police action" as it was an undeclared military action, conducted under the auspices of the United Nations.〔 It has been referred to in the Anglosphere as ''"The Forgotten War"'' or ''"The Unknown War"'' because of the lack of public attention it received both during and after the war, and in relation to the global scale of World War II, which preceded it, and the subsequent angst of the Vietnam War, which succeeded it.〔 In South Korea, the war is usually referred to as "625" or the "6–2–5 Upheaval" (6.25 동란(動亂), ''yook-i-o dongnan''), reflecting the date of its commencement on 25 June.〔 In North Korea, the war is officially referred to as the "Fatherland Liberation War" (''Choguk haebang chǒnjaeng'') or alternatively the ''"Chosǒn () War"'' (조선전쟁, ''Chosǒn chǒnjaeng'').〔 In China, the war is officially called the "War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea" (),〔〔 although the term ''"Chaoxian (Korean) War"'' () is also used in unofficial contexts, along with the term "Korean Conflict" () more commonly used in regions such as Hong Kong and Macau. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Korean War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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